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Roadway Subsystem

This subsystem includes the equipment distributed on and along the roadway that monitors and controls traffic and monitors and manages the roadway itself. Equipment includes traffic detectors, environmental sensors, traffic signals, highway advisory radios, dynamic message signs, CCTV cameras and video image processing systems, grade crossing warning systems, and freeway ramp metering systems. HOV lane management, reversible lane management functions, and barrier systems that control access to transportation infrastructure such as roadways, bridges and tunnels are supported, as well as transit priority, and emergency vehicle pre-emption functions. This subsystem also provides the capability for emissions and environmental conditions monitoring including sensors that measure road conditions, surface weather, and vehicle emissions. In adverse conditions, automated systems can be used to apply anti-icing materials, disperse fog, etc. Work zone systems including work zone surveillance, traffic control, driver warning, and work crew safety systems are also included. To enhance security, safeguard systems such as blast shields, exhaust systems and other automated and remotely controlled systems to protect transportation infrastructure is also provided. In advanced implementations, this subsystem supports automated vehicle safety systems by safely controlling access to and egress from an Automated Highway System (AHS) through monitoring of, and communications with, AHS vehicles. Intersection collision avoidance functions are provided by determining the probability of a collision in the intersection and sending appropriate warnings and/or control actions to the approaching vehicles. Advanced sensor systems are supported which provide automated protection for non vehicular road users, and users in such vehicles as bicycles and motorcycles.

Security Considerations

The security considerations for the Roadway Subsystem (RS) are directly related to the types of field equipment that are included in a particular implementation. The RS performs a broad range of roadway network monitoring and control services and includes both safety-critical and non-safety critical systems.

Safety-critical systems include traffic signal systems, gates and barriers that control facility access, and future systems that may support automated vehicle control systems. Since improper operation of these systems can directly endanger motorists, security services should be established so that these systems operate with very high levels of integrity and availability and system operation degrades in a fail-safe manner. In contrast, the information associated with operation of these systems is not confidential and typically will not need special measures to protect it from disclosure.

Surveillance and environmental sensor systems provide information that may be safety critical if this information is used to monitor for incidents or dangerous road conditions. Although malicious tampering is possible, the more likely threats to sensor and surveillance information involve inadvertent loss or corruption of the provided information. Again, availability and integrity are the paramount security objectives. Although the surveillance and sensor data is generally not sensitive to disclosure, confidentially is important when CCTV cameras are zoomed in on a crash and other scenarios where individuals can be identified from the surveillance data.

The driver information systems included in the RS, such as dynamic message signs and highway advisory radio, are generally not considered to be safety-critical, but have their own set of security considerations. These systems are perhaps the most likely in the RS to be the target of unauthorized access attempts and must be protected against such attacks by emphasizing security services that enhance integrity. The availability requirements associated with DMS and HAR may increase as these systems are used increasingly in critical services like Amber Alert.

Other RS systems, including short range communications equipment, will increasingly warrant attention in the future with the advent of VII-enabled safety critical applications. These applications range from probe surveillance to intersection collision avoidance to weather advisory dissemination. Special security considerations will be needed based on the criticality of the supported applications.

Functionality: Equipment Packages and PSpecs

Inputs/Outputs: Architecture Flows and Data Flows

Archived Data Management Subsystem > Roadway Subsystem

Emergency Vehicle Subsystem > Roadway Subsystem

Emissions Management > Roadway Subsystem

Enforcement Agency > Roadway Subsystem

Environment > Roadway Subsystem

Information Service Provider > Roadway Subsystem

Maintenance and Construction Field Personnel > Roadway Subsystem

Maintenance and Construction Management > Roadway Subsystem

Maintenance and Construction Vehicle > Roadway Subsystem

Meteorological Service Provider > Roadway Subsystem

Multimodal Crossings > Roadway Subsystem

National Meteorological Service > Roadway Subsystem

Other Roadway > Roadway Subsystem

Pedestrians > Roadway Subsystem

Potential Obstacles > Roadway Subsystem

Roadway Environment > Roadway Subsystem

Roadway Subsystem > Archived Data Management Subsystem

  • probe archive data - Probe data that allows calculation of travel times, volumes, and other measures that support transportation planning. Optionally, this flow also includes origin and destination information for vehicles that opt to provide this information.
    Data Flows:

  • roadside archive data - A broad set of data derived from roadside sensors that includes current traffic conditions, environmental conditions, and any other data that can be directly collected by roadside sensors. This data also indicates the status of the sensors and reports of any identified sensor faults.
    Data Flows:

Roadway Subsystem > Basic Vehicle

  • broadcast advisories - General broadcast advisories that are provided over wide-area wireless communications direct to the vehicle radio. These analog advisory messages may provide similar content to ITS broadcast information flows, but include no digital data component. Existing Highway-Advisory Radio (HAR) advisory messages are a prime example of this flow.
    Data Flows:

Roadway Subsystem > Driver

Roadway Subsystem > Emergency Vehicle Subsystem

  • barrier system status - Current operating status of barrier systems. Barrier systems represent gates, barriers and other automated or remotely controlled systems used to manage entry to roadways. Status of the systems includes operating condition and current operational state.
    Data Flows:

Roadway Subsystem > Emissions Management

Roadway Subsystem > Enforcement Agency

Roadway Subsystem > Information Service Provider

  • environmental probe data - Data from vehicle safety and convenience systems that can be used to estimate environmental conditions, including measured air temperature, exterior light status, wiper status, sun sensor status, rain sensor status, traction control status, anti-lock brake status, and other collected vehicle system status and sensor information. The collected data is reported along with the location, heading, and time that the data was collected. Both current data and snapshots of recent events (e.g., traction control or anti-lock brake system activations) may be reported.
    Data Flows:

  • short range communications status - Status of the short range communications equipment including the current state or mode of operation and the current equipment status.
    Data Flows:

  • traffic probe data - Vehicle data that is used to determine traffic conditions. In a basic implementation, the data could be limited to time stamped unique identifiers that can be used to measure a vehicle’s progress through the network. In more advanced implementations, the vehicle may report current position, speed, and heading and snapshots of recent events including route information, starts and stops, speed changes, and other information that can be used to estimate traffic conditions.
    Data Flows:

Roadway Subsystem > Maintenance and Construction Field Personnel

Roadway Subsystem > Maintenance and Construction Management

Roadway Subsystem > Maintenance and Construction Vehicle

Roadway Subsystem > Map Update Provider

  • traffic probe data - Vehicle data that is used to determine traffic conditions. In a basic implementation, the data could be limited to time stamped unique identifiers that can be used to measure a vehicle’s progress through the network. In more advanced implementations, the vehicle may report current position, speed, and heading and snapshots of recent events including route information, starts and stops, speed changes, and other information that can be used to estimate traffic conditions.
    Data Flows:

Roadway Subsystem > Meteorological Service Provider

  • environmental probe data - Data from vehicle safety and convenience systems that can be used to estimate environmental conditions, including measured air temperature, exterior light status, wiper status, sun sensor status, rain sensor status, traction control status, anti-lock brake status, and other collected vehicle system status and sensor information. The collected data is reported along with the location, heading, and time that the data was collected. Both current data and snapshots of recent events (e.g., traction control or anti-lock brake system activations) may be reported.
    Data Flows:

  • environmental sensor data - Current road conditions (e.g., surface temperature, subsurface temperature, moisture, icing, treatment status) and surface weather conditions (e.g., air temperature, wind speed, precipitation, visibility) as measured and reported by fixed and/or mobile environmental sensors. Operational status of the sensors is also included.
    Data Flows:

Roadway Subsystem > Multimodal Crossings

Roadway Subsystem > National Meteorological Service

  • environmental probe data - Data from vehicle safety and convenience systems that can be used to estimate environmental conditions, including measured air temperature, exterior light status, wiper status, sun sensor status, rain sensor status, traction control status, anti-lock brake status, and other collected vehicle system status and sensor information. The collected data is reported along with the location, heading, and time that the data was collected. Both current data and snapshots of recent events (e.g., traction control or anti-lock brake system activations) may be reported.
    Data Flows:

  • environmental sensor data - Current road conditions (e.g., surface temperature, subsurface temperature, moisture, icing, treatment status) and surface weather conditions (e.g., air temperature, wind speed, precipitation, visibility) as measured and reported by fixed and/or mobile environmental sensors. Operational status of the sensors is also included.
    Data Flows:

Roadway Subsystem > Other Roadway

Roadway Subsystem > Pedestrians

Roadway Subsystem > Traffic Management

Roadway Subsystem > Vehicle

Roadway Subsystem > Wayside Equipment

Traffic > Roadway Subsystem

Traffic Management > Roadway Subsystem

Transit Vehicle Subsystem > Roadway Subsystem

Vehicle > Roadway Subsystem

  • access request - Request for access to an access-controlled transportation facility.
    Data Flows:

  • automated vehicle status - Data provided by an automated vehicle identifying it's current mode and operational status, current position and motion, preferred route, and information provided to support checking/checkout and coordinated maneuvers while on the automated facility.
    Data Flows:

  • environmental probe data - Data from vehicle safety and convenience systems that can be used to estimate environmental conditions, including measured air temperature, exterior light status, wiper status, sun sensor status, rain sensor status, traction control status, anti-lock brake status, and other collected vehicle system status and sensor information. The collected data is reported along with the location, heading, and time that the data was collected. Both current data and snapshots of recent events (e.g., traction control or anti-lock brake system activations) may be reported.
    Data Flows:

  • probe archive data - Probe data that allows calculation of travel times, volumes, and other measures that support transportation planning. Optionally, this flow also includes origin and destination information for vehicles that opt to provide this information.
    Data Flows:

  • traffic probe data - Vehicle data that is used to determine traffic conditions. In a basic implementation, the data could be limited to time stamped unique identifiers that can be used to measure a vehicle’s progress through the network. In more advanced implementations, the vehicle may report current position, speed, and heading and snapshots of recent events including route information, starts and stops, speed changes, and other information that can be used to estimate traffic conditions.
    Data Flows:

  • vehicle diagnostics data - Information about the vehicle and its current operational status that supports vehicle performance monitoring, service, and repair. The flow identifies the vehicle and vehicle type and provides information about the vehicle's current operational status, the current performance of engine-related components, and notification of any identified malfunctions.
    Data Flows:

  • vehicle intersection safety data - Vehicle path and acceleration data provided by vehicles approaching or occupying an intersection. It identifies the intersection, vehicle position and motion, the anticipated lane and movement that will be used in the intersection, and notification of potential violations or other detected safety hazards.
    Data Flows:

  • vehicle occupancy - The number of occupants detected by the vehicle.
    Data Flows:

  • vehicle safety data - Vehicle safety data indicating vehicle location, vehicle motion (speed, heading, acceleration), vehicle control (brakes, steering, throttle, exterior lights), basic vehicle characteristics (length, width). May also include additional vehicle status (e.g., anti-lock brake activation, stability control system activation).
    Data Flows:

Vehicle Characteristics > Roadway Subsystem

Wayside Equipment > Roadway Subsystem